Audit and Assurance

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The Independent, Integrated Audit Firm: Why Caribbean Boards Need a Modern Regional Audit Partner

May 24, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

Nine articles into this series, the picture is reasonably complete. The modern Caribbean audit must engage substantively with revised risk-assessment standards, sharpened quality-management frameworks, digitised audit techniques, cybersecurity intersections, fraud and going-concern responsibilities, regulated-entity expectations, group audit complexity, and the arrival of sustainability assurance. The work has expanded in scope, deepened in technical demand, and...

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Group Audits and Cross-Border Engagements: What Caribbean Holding Companies Must Know About ISA 600 Revised

May 24, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

The modern Caribbean economy is, in significant measure, a network of conglomerates. A holding company headquartered in Kingston operates subsidiaries in Trinidad and the Eastern Caribbean. A Bahamian financial group runs operations through entities in Cayman and Barbados. A regional retail group consolidates results from operating subsidiaries across a dozen territories. Tourism groups, financial groups,...

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Auditing Regulated Entities: What Caribbean Boards Must Know About the Regulator’s Lens

May 24, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

In an ordinary audit, the audit opinion is the principal output and the audit file is the auditor’s working record. In an audit of a regulated entity — a credit union, an insurance company, a securities dealer, a pension fund administrator, a money services business, a bank — the picture changes. The audit opinion is...

Fraud, Going Concern, and the Auditor’s Responsibility: What Caribbean Boards Must Ask

May 24, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

Every time an audit fails publicly, it fails in one of two places. Either a fraud the auditor did not detect comes to light and the audit is criticised for missing it, or an entity that received a clean audit opinion collapses shortly afterward and the audit is criticised for not warning. Across the Caribbean,...

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Cybersecurity and the External Audit: What Caribbean Boards Should Expect from Auditors on Cyber Risk

May 24, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

Walk into any Caribbean boardroom in 2026 and ask the directors what their external auditor does about cybersecurity. The answers will fall into three categories. Some directors will say their auditor audits cyber. Some will say cyber is the IT manager’s problem and not an audit matter. A few will say it is somewhere in...

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Auditing in a Digitised Caribbean Economy: Why Modern Audits Must Test Populations, Not Just Samples

May 24, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

For decades, the external audit has been a sampling exercise. The auditor would select a small subset of transactions — perhaps thirty journal entries, perhaps sixty invoices, perhaps a hundred customer accounts — and from that sample draw conclusions about the entire population. The methodology was sound when the audit was its only practical option....

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The Quality Management Shift: What Caribbean Audit Committees Must Know About ISQM 1 and ISQM 2

May 23, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

Audit committees have spent years learning to evaluate audits. The standards on what a competent audit must do — ISA 315 (Revised), ISA 330, ISA 600 (Revised) — are now reasonably well understood at the board level. But there is a second, quieter set of standards that audit committees across the Caribbean have not yet...

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The New Audit Mandate: Why Caribbean Boards Must Rethink Audit as a Risk Lens

May 23, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

For most of the last fifty years, the external audit in the Caribbean was treated as an annual ritual. Companies prepared their books. Auditors arrived, asked questions, tested samples, and a few months later issued an opinion. Regulators received a copy. The audit committee acknowledged it. Shareholders, if they read it at all, read...

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Sustainability Assurance as a Trust Imperative

May 1, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

Why assurance over non-financial reporting is increasingly about credibility, capital, and institutional confidence. Sustainability assurance is becoming a trust imperative because stakeholders increasingly rely on non-financial information to make decisions. The issue for leadership is not only compliance, but whether the organization can sustain confidence in its claims across markets and scrutiny levels. Trust has...

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Why Audit Quality Remains Under Global Regulatory Pressure

May 1, 2026by Dr Dawkins Brown

Persistent inspection findings are signaling deeper operational and governance issues across the assurance ecosystem. Audit quality remains under pressure because recurring inspection findings are revealing structural weaknesses, not isolated execution slips. Regulators are responding by scrutinizing firm systems, engagement performance, and the real-world use of technology and methodology. The persistence problem When regulators continue to...

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