Broad Base, Lower Rate: The VAT Design That Supports Competitiveness
Well-designed consumption taxes are workhorses of modern fiscal systems: they raise substantial revenue with relatively low distortion—but only if they’re broad-based, neutral, and avoid taxing business inputs. The 2025 International Tax Competitiveness Index (ITCI) splits consumption taxes into rate and base subcategories for a reason: a system that applies a moderate rate to a very...



