GCC Tax Reforms in Action: Navigating the Quiet Transformation of Fiscal Policy
A Region at a Fiscal Crossroads For much of the past century, countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates—relied almost exclusively on oil revenues to fund public services, infrastructure, and social programs. This model delivered prosperity, but also introduced a critical vulnerability: fiscal dependence on...