Black Swan or New Normal? Planning Amid Unpredictable Risks
The Era of Overlapping Crises Once considered rare and improbable, Black Swan events—extreme, high-impact occurrences—now seem increasingly familiar. The COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical confrontations, accelerated climate shocks, and the proliferation of synthetic content have all blurred the line between the extraordinary and the expected. According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report 2025, global risk...