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Strategy & Transformation

Trinidad & Tobago: Energy Dependency, Fiscal Stress, and What Comes Next

Trinidad & Tobago built one of the Caribbean’s most prosperous economies on hydrocarbons. That foundation is eroding. What boards and executives must understand about the risk landscape of the twin-island republic — and what it demands of every organisation operating within it. CARISK™ TRINIDAD & TOBAGO COUNTRY RISK INTELLIGENCE SCORECARD — 2026 Risk Domain CRI...

AI in Financial Services: Governance Imperatives for Caribbean Banks, Insurers, and Credit Unions

The Financial Services AI Landscape No sector in the Caribbean is deploying AI more aggressively or governing it less rigorously than financial services. Banks are using AI for credit scoring, fraud detection, customer onboarding, and portfolio management. Insurers are applying machine learning to underwriting, claims processing, and customer segmentation. Credit unions are implementing AI-powered loan...

Auditing the Algorithm: What AI Assurance Looks Like in Practice

Beyond Traditional IT Audit Many Caribbean internal audit functions have responded to the AI governance imperative by extending their existing IT audit methodology to cover AI systems. While this is a reasonable starting point, it is insufficient. AI systems present audit challenges that traditional IT audit is not designed to address: statistical model behaviour, training...

Algorithmic Accountability: Who Answers When AI Gets It Wrong?

The Accountability Vacuum When an AI-driven loan origination system denies credit to a qualified applicant due to a biased training dataset, who is responsible? When an AI recruitment screener systematically filters out candidates from a particular demographic, who is accountable? When an autonomous pricing algorithm produces outputs that harm consumers or distort a market, who...

Tax Strategy and Governance: Building a World-Class Tax Function for Caribbean Businesses

  From Compliance to Strategy Eleven articles ago, this series opened with a foundational proposition: that tax is not a fixed cost to be simply paid, but a managed variable — shaped by how well the organisation understands its obligations, how proactively it plans its structures and transactions, and how rigorously it maintains the compliance...

Tax Disputes and Objections: How to Challenge a TAJ Assessment and Navigate the Appeals Process

When TAJ and the Taxpayer Disagree Receiving a tax assessment from Tax Administration Jamaica is one of the most consequential financial events a Caribbean business or individual can face. The assessment sets out TAJ’s determination of the tax liability for a particular period — a determination that may include additional tax, interest, and penalties that,...

Financial Services Taxation: Sector-Specific Tax Obligations for Banks, Insurance Companies, Credit Unions, and Securities Dealers

   Why Financial Services Taxation Requires Specialist Expertise The taxation of financial institutions in Jamaica and across the Caribbean is more complex, more consequential, and more frequently mismanaged than the taxation of any other sector. The financial services sector encompasses institutions with vastly different tax profiles — commercial banks subject to the higher 33.33% CIT...

Property Tax and Stamp Duty: What Every Property Owner, Developer, and Investor Must Know

The Tax Dimension of Every Property Decision Land is one of the most significant assets in the Caribbean economy. From the family home to the commercial plaza, from the agricultural smallholding to the large industrial facility, from the hotel resort to the residential development — property ownership and property transactions carry a tax dimension that...

Tax Treaties and Cross-Border Structuring: Navigating Jamaica’s Treaty Network and Avoiding Double Taxation

  The Treaty as a Tax Planning Tool and Compliance Obligation Double taxation — the imposition of tax on the same income by two different jurisdictions — is one of the most significant barriers to cross-border investment. A Jamaican company that receives dividends from a UK subsidiary faces potential taxation in both the UK (as...

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